Fine-grained lacustrine and alluvial sediments occur west of the Firth River. During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the Laurentide ice sheet extended to the west as far as Firth River and roughly two-thirds of the study area was covered by ice ( Mackay 1959 Rampton 1982). Qikiqtaruk is not included in the study area. The study area spans approximately 210 km of the Yukon coast, from the international border with Alaska, USA, in the west to Tapqaq (Shingle Point) in the east and comprises the 10–40 km wide Yukon Coastal Plain ( Fig. 1). Further, since the 1970s, the region has been episodically explored for potentially rich oil and gas resources ( INAC 2017). More recently, the Yukon coast has been strategically and economically important, as during the Cold War three Distant Early Warning (DEW) line stations were located there ( Neufeld 2002 Lackenbauer et al. Numerous artifacts dating from the early 19th century are evidence of contact with early explorers ( Franklin 1828 Amundsen 1908), whalers ( Bockstoce 1986), and missionaries ( Saxberg 1993). Rare artifacts from the Thule Inuit enrich the archaeological record of this region ( Friesen and Arnold 2008 Arnold 2016 Friesen 2016). Many cultural sites that give insight into the Inuvialuit way of life prior to contact with Europeans are found along the Beaufort coast. There were settlements along the coast until the middle of the 20th century ( Nagy 1994 Thomson 1998) reflecting the important relationship between Inuvialuit and the nearshore Beaufort Sea ( Nagy 1994 Alunik et al. The northern coast of the Yukon, Canada, is extensively used by Inuvialuit and other Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples.
#Dew lin ephotos 1950s plus#
Les futurs processus d’érosion côtière et de sédimentation devraient de plus en plus menacer les sites culturels et influer sur les déplacements et la vie le long de la côte du Yukon. La dernière grande zone de campement activement utilisée et deux pistes d’atterrissage littorales seront probablement menacées par de futurs processus côtiers. Entre 2011 et 2100, environ 850 ha (S1) et 2660 ha (S2) pourraient s’éroder, entraînant une perte de 45 % (S1) à 61 % (S2) de toutes les caractéristiques culturelles d’ici 2100. L’emplacement des caractéristiques culturelles dans les archives d’une base de données de Parcs Canada, du Programme archéologique du Yukon et comme signalé dans d’autres documents ont été combinés avec les changements prévus de la position du littoral. Entre 2011 et 2100, environ 850 ha (S1) et 2660 ha (S2) peuvent s’éroder, entraînant une perte de 45 % (S1) à 61 % (S2) de toutes les caractéristiques culturelles d’ici 2100. À l’aide de ces données, des projections prudentes (S1) et dynamiques (S2) du littoral ont été établies pour prévoir les positions du littoral pour l’année 2100. Les taux de changement des rives ont été calculés à partir de l’imagerie aérienne et satellitaire des années 1950, 1970, 1990 et 2011. Afin d’évaluer les menaces qui pèsent sur ces phénomènes, on a analysé les taux de changement des rives sur une longueur de 210 km de la côte et on les a combinés avec des renseignements socioéconomiques et culturels. Les sites culturels, les infrastructures et les itinéraires de déplacement utilisés par la population locale sont particulièrement vulnérables à l’érosion côtière. La côte de Beaufort, au Yukon, Canada, est un paysage très dynamique. Future coastal erosion and sedimentation processes are expected to increasingly threaten cultural sites and influence travelling and living along the Yukon coast. The last large, actively used camp area and two nearshore landing strips will likely be threatened by future coastal processes. Between 20, approximately 850 ha (S1) and 2660 ha (S2) may erode, resulting in a loss of 45% (S1) to 61% (S2) of all cultural features by 2100. The locations of cultural features in the archives of a Parks Canada database, the Yukon Archaeological Program, and as reported in other literature were combined with projected shoreline position changes. Using these data, conservative (S1) and dynamic (S2) shoreline projections were constructed to predict shoreline positions for the year 2100. Rates of shoreline change were derived from aerial and satellite imagery from the 1950s, 1970s, 1990s, and 2011. To assess threats to these phenomena, rates of shoreline change for a 210 km length of the coast were analyzed and combined with socioeconomic and cultural information. Cultural sites, infrastructure, and travel routes used by the local population are particularly vulnerable to coastal erosion. Yukon’s Beaufort coast, Canada, is a highly dynamic landscape.
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